Hamblet vs Lion King free essay sample

The Lion King was unequivocally affected by William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, they vary from multiple points of view. The film shadows Shakespeare’s work so intently that matches between the principle characters themselves are readi ly clear. Simba, Mufasa, and Scar are immediate portrayals of Young Hamlet, King Hamlet, and Claudius, however there are a few scenes that set the two apart. The eminent passings of both Simba’s and Hamlet’s fathers (Mufasa and King Hamlet) are completed in various habits; Mufasa is pushed off of a precipice into a rush, and King Hamlet is harmed. Another key contrast is among Nala and Ophelia the admirers of the fundamental characters. Simba loves constantly Nala and winds up wedding her, however Hamlet professes to have lost enthusiasm for Ophelia and needs nothing to do with her. By a wide margin, the most vital distinction is the closure. Toward the finish of The Lion King , Simba becomes kinfolk g of The Pride Lands, however Hamlet passes on toward the finish of the play. Althou gh Young Hamlet in Hamlet and Simba in The Lion King share a few contrasts, they are indistinguishable in their loss of fathers, their uncles’ usurpation of the seat, and their retribution against the new ki ngs. Remark: Thesisâ statementâ withâ three subpoints Comment: Wonderfulâ introduction! You’veâ focusedâ onâ theâ differences,â andâ then youâ useâ thatâ asâ aâ springboardâ toâ focusâ on theâ similarities. Yourâ thesisâ providesâ the energyâ forâ theâ remainderâ ofâ yourâ essay. Amazing! YourLastName 2 The passing of King Hamlet contrarily influences youthful Hamlet, however a fter his demise, Hamlet Sr. ecomes more than the lord and father he used to be. Not knowing precisely how his dad kicked the bucket, Hamlet feels lost. He turns into an envoy for his child. At the point when h e moves toward his child as an apparition, he clarifies that he wasn’t bit ten by a snake, similar to everybody in Denmark thought, and mentioned to him what Claudius has done: â€Å"The snake that stung thy fat her’s life/Now wears his crown† (1. 5. 44-45). Hamlet beforehand susp ected him as the executioner and is disturbed at the idea. As per The phantom â€Å"[†¦] has been disobliging enough to leave the assignment of characterizing retribution soundly up to Hamlet† (Skulsky 78). He recognizes what to do, however he is disturbed to such an extent that his dad is gone that he is attracted to frenzy. Since King Hamlet was dead, Claudius chose to act rapidly and get Gertrude (youthful Hamlet’s mother) to begin to look all starry eyed at him, so he could turn into the new King. Youthful Hamlet is sickened: â€Å"Within a month,/Ere yet the salt of most corrupt tears/Had left the flushing in her irked eyes,/She wedded † (1. 2. 156-58). Hamlet couldn’t accept that his mom had submitted inbreeding. The seat wasn’t the most significant thing to him, however it was the rule that made him uncomfortable. In his discourse to the individuals of Denmark, Claudius says, â€Å"Yet so far hath carefulness battled with nature/That we with smartest distress think on him,/Together with recognition of ourselves† (1. 2. 5-7) . Claudius doesn’t care about the passing of his sibling; he is just stressed over being top dog. Youthful Hamlet acknowledges his father’s appearance and realizes he should retaliate for his passing and assume liability for what his uncle has done . He defers this procedure. He runs from his duty despite the fact that he comprehends what should be finished. After his uncle’s slaughtering his dad, wedding his mom, having his spot as ruler, and harming his Comment: 1 st topic sentence, Hamlet = lossâ ofâ father Comment: This is not on the Works Cited list! Remark: 2 nd topic sentence, Hamlet = uncle’sâ usurpationâ ofâ throne Comment: 3 rd topic sentence, Hamlet = revengeâ againstâ father’sâ killer YourLastName 3 mother, Hamlet realizes he needs to act out of appreciation for his dad: â€Å"Here, thou perverted, murd’rous, cursed Dane,/Drink off this mixture. Is thy association here? /Follow my mom. † (5. 2. 14-16) Despite the fact that Hamlet kicks the bucket not long after this, he can have confidence that he satisfied his obligation of vengeance. Since Shakespeare’s Hamlet is among the most remarkable and powerful disasters, various present day narrat ives and movies, for example, Walt Disney’s The Lion King , have been extraordinarily affected by it, and Simba can be promptly contrasted and Ham let. (Superb change! ) First, Simba is past crushed by the demise of his fath er . Being a youthful whelp when the mishap happened, Simba had no one to gaze upward to aside from Scar, who censures him for Mufasa’s demise and requests him to go far way and stay away for the indefinite future. He chooses to desert the past and never recall it again. Simba carries on with as long as he can remember with the burd en of his father’s demise on his shoulders; he accuses himself. He some of the time seeks the stars for direction , recollecting what Mufasa had once let him know: â€Å"Those lords will consistently be there with you thus will I† (Lion ). Despite the fact that Mufasa said they would consistently be together, Simba once in a while feels his quality. He feels alone , and it isn’t until he arrives at adulthood, when he and Nala are brought together, that he can confront reality. After Scar suggests that Simba ought to escape the Pride Lands, the genuine purpose behind his activities is uncovered †to acquire the title as King of the Pride Land s. Going about as though both Mufasa and Simba were slaughtered by the charge, Scar makes his declaration: It is with overwhelming sadness that I expect the seat. . . . This is the unfolding of another time, wherein lion and hyena meet up in an incredible and sublime future † ( Lion). All the Comment: Transitionâ sentenceâ or paragraph,â betweenâ theâ conclusionâ ofâ three points about Hamlet and the next three points about Simba Comment: 1 st topic sentence, Simba = deathâ ofâ father Deleted: to Remark: 2 nd topic sentence, Simba = uncle’sâ usurpationâ ofâ throne YourLastName 4 creatures of the land are totally dismayed and dread for their future. Scar turns into a tyrant and transforms the Pride Lands into a no man's land. There is no nourishment for any of the creatures, and they’re all totally hopeless. They all desire it could resemble it was before Scar usurped the seat. In the long run Simba arrives at adulthood and reunites with Nala, who urges him to look for vengeanc e. He is stunned by the news that Scar ha s become the new lord and annihilated everything his dad had endeavored to keep up while he was best. She encourages him to return to the Pride Lands and guarantee what is legitimately his. Despite the fact that all through his entire life Simba has been attempting to overlook his past, he is immediately helped by a phantom to remember his dad in the sky of who he really is: â€Å"Remember what your identity is. You a re my child and the one genuine king† (Lion ). Simba at long last acknowledges he needs to confront his past, and return to his home. Seeing his dad was sufficient to persuade him: â€Å" The presence of the apparition of Simbas father, who emphasizes ‘Remember ’ like the phantom of Hamlets father, enlightens the original clashes among Simba and hey s abhorrent and usurping uncle, Scar† (Smith 138) . At the point when he retu rns, Scar promptly asks for pardoning. As yet suspecting he was the reason for his father’s demise, Simba requests that Scar depart the Pride Lands and stay away for the indefinite future. They start to battle, and as Simba hangs of the bluff of Pride Rock, he is insulted by Scar: And now heres my little mystery. I murdered Mufasa! (Lion). Energetically, Simba jumps up from the edge of the bluff and triumphs over his uncle by kicking Scar to a lower precipice where he is murdered by the hyenas. Albeit executing him isn’t Simba’s objective, he effectively vindicates his father’s passing and has his spot as lord. Remark: 3 rd topic sentence, Simba = revengeâ againstâ father’sâ murderer YourLastName 5 Although Young Hamlet in Hamlet and Simba in The Lion King share a few contrasts, there are unmistakable equals between the two, for example, the homicides of their dads, the usurpation of the seat by their forbidden uncles, and the plots to retaliate for their fathers’ passings and recover what is legitimately thei rs . To many, a lot of present day diversion may look like new amusement on a superficial level, yet in the wake of being investigated, numerous associations with extraordinary writing can be found. Shakespeare is probably the best essayist ever, and his plays impact the plots of numerous cutting edge films.

Consumer Behaviour of an Asian Multicultural-Free-Sample for Students

Questions: Examine about the Consumer conduct of an Asian multicultural family in setting of Woolworths bunch in Australia. Answers: Presentation Woolworths bunch is the unmistakable Australian organization which have broad retail mindfulness in significant pieces of Australia and New Zealand. Nonetheless, it has been positioned as the second highest by income in Australia. Notwithstanding the above it is additionally commented as greatest takeaway alcohol retailer, biggest lodging and wagering poker machine usable in the area. The gathering was established on 22 September 1924 and it has been fruition of 93 years till the date (Woolworths Group, 2018). The primary tasks subcategorised under Woolworths bunch are grocery stores (Australia and New Zealand), alcohol retailing business (as Dan Murphys and BWS in Australia), different bars just as lodgings under the head of Australian Leisure and Hospitality bunch shortened as ALH Group and cut-rate retail establishments in the Big W name in Australia. This report centers upon Woolworths branch which is situated at Princess Highway, Dandenong South in Australia. The purchaser for Woolworth in Dandenong is chosen as an Asian multi-social family and the relative buyer conduct is examined and broke down in detail. Multicultural families from intercontinental zones make Australia a movement country. The people foundation are liberated from each race, religion, culture, confidence or country having a place. Rather the mutual estimations of majority rule government, correspondence, opportunity and rule of law just as regard are depended upon. The presence of prejudice and separation is nil (Kymlicka, 2012). Asian multicultural family is fundamentally the family which the roots in Asian nations yet now living in Australia inside the layer of its multicultural decent variety. Effect of culture factors on shopper conduct There has been a noteworthy effect of culture winning inside a specific gathering which denotes the relative shopper conduct. It comprises of implicit molds, qualities and standards, handles, gauges for commenting, evaluating, trusting and working together. The previously mentioned case is the equivalent existing in an Asian multicultural family dwelling in Australia. Furthermore, there is additionally an effect emerging from reference bunch which comprise of outer companion or familial gathering each among giving particular and clashing data (Marsiglia, 2010). To impact the multicultural focused on advertised, advertisers utilize the strategies of market region and micromarketing (Durmaz, 2014). The objective characterized is to convey absolutely the showcasing messages which would improve the purchasers need and information with respect to presence and utilization of fluctuated items and administrations. Key components of social qualities on customer conduct The components inside worth are freedom, uniqueness, accomplishment and self-satisfaction. Some are talked about underneath: Force separation It is fundamentally the relationship to endeavor a greater amount of intensity on the less influential person. The resultant result is the augmentation of social separation in the middle of less and all the more impressive characters (Nayeem, 2012). Clearly, it features the level of tyranny in the way of life. As the family chose is multi-social, the presence of intensity separation is low which thus in bring about positive buyer conduct as purchasing propensities are various and autonomous. Independence The level of relationship in the middle of the individual and collectivistic gatherings which wins in the general public. In nations of high IDV, the character is coordinated on the independence while in the zone of low-threw IDV nation it is totally founded on social framework. The choices of people are grounded on the inclinations of the gathering (Billing, Bhagat, Babakus, Srivastava, Shin Brew, 2014). American has multiculturalism which is the foundation of independence thus the individuals are allowed to adhere to their separate decisions and intrigue, which additionally brings about a greater amount of deals. Manliness It is condensed by the initials of MAS. The male dominancy is aligned with the highlights of hostility, predominance, self-sufficiency and display. On the opposite the female nature has the attributes of support, affiliation, unobtrusiveness and nurturance. The distinction lies in the direction of higher MAS society which is riches arranged and the adversary is individuals engrossed. Additionally, in the zones of higher MAS, there is separated sex jobs while in the lower MAS; it is a greater amount of liquid in nature (Mcahit, 2011). With the group of multicultural nature in Australia, it is relied upon to have less of manliness. Rather there is appropriate and balance proportionate in the sex of family and their relative specialists just as obligations. Vital ramifications of culturally diverse and worldwide impact The higher is the overall quality of social distinguishing proof, the more noteworthy is the level of penchant to purchase items and administrations related with the way of life or multicultural condition. The people are bound to embrace the social convictions and qualities which are explicit to the starting point of host nation (Bian Forsythe, 2012). In like manner Australia has the substance of multiculturalism; thus the wanderers from rest of the world get received with the encompassing society and condition. So as to impact the purchasers of multicultural commonness, the advertiser must address the message with the different qualities which will relate to the level of cultural assimilation. Howsoever, with regards to Asian multi-association family the promoting message must be directed towards the element of both host and root nation which legitimizes the particular societies Source: Ajzen, 2007 Effect of social class on buyer conduct Each general public incorporates some clear sort of social class inside which is conspicuous to the advertisers on the grounds that a definitive purchasing conduct of given class is comparable in nature. Anyway the social class doesnt have just salary factor as a part, rather different factors additionally have long haul repercussions, for example, riches, occupation and instruction and so forth. (Dubois, Rucker Galinsky, 2015). Fundamentally the looks into have uncovered the nearness of six classes inside the social structure map perspective on different little just as enormous urban areas. These are referenced beneath Upper high society Lower high society Upper-white collar class Lower-white collar class Regular workers Lower class The class rankings are the result of occupation, training, pay earned, area of habitation just as family foundation. The investigation of social class ends up being unmistakable in deciding the choice or inclinations of value, kind and style of different durables required (Hugstad, Taylor Bruce, 2013). Moreover in the spotlight of Woolworths bunch the decisions of various alcohol, ocean bottom and different consumables rely upon the social class of different Asian multi-social families living in the close by area. The buyer conduct is likewise expected to be influenced by the selection of media utilization, source believability, language design prevailing and extent of shopping conduct. Impact of social class in Consumer Behavior Social classes are the gathering of person who share basic intrigue, qualities, conduct and fantasy which are moderately continuous and homogeneous. Social classes articulate the level of inclination in apparel, amusement, outfitting, food and gaming exercises over specific items and brand. The distinction likewise lies in selection of media among extreme buyers (Gifford Nilsson, 2014). The upper gave class search for books and periodicals while sub class bunch are the casualties of TV. Inside the substance of TV likewise, the hole lies in the decision of news and dramatizations from movies and sports among upper and lower class correspondingly. Parts of social class The quantum of nine factors have appeared starting at generally significant in the tributary of sociological and other examination frightened with social class. Financial factors: The salary, occupation notwithstanding the riches is of noticeable nature. The salary earned by the individual chooses the consumption example of the particular family. The flashing sound position is an indispensable segment of everyday living. Association factors: The factors of individual notoriety connected is key constituent of social class as the individuals inside the recognized gathering are cognizant with respect to the picture and esteem they hold in the general condition (Bargh, 2013). The level of affiliation and socialization likewise has long haul repercussion which approves the associations in the general public. Political factors: Generally, the privileged appreciates the most noteworthy need if there should arise an occurrence of evaluation of intensity. The positioning of class chooses the measure of intensity delighted in inside the specific gathering. Versatility is likewise the preeminent viewpoint in understanding the gathering political part of defined framework (Teney Hanquinet, 2012). In what viewpoints social class can impact purchaser conduct On the general marvel, each general public delineates its all-encompassing individuals into the degree of social classes based on their contemporary qualities. The individuals inside a similar social class section the sketching out of normal qualities related in the parts of talking, thinking and carrying on (Foxall, 2014). Accordingly, individuals want to communicate and work their dealings inside the separate gatherings. Additionally in Asian nations source the class qualifications are very clear and status contrasts are likewise massive. The experimental investigation from the exploration expresses that small kids begin to learn practices and picking up propensities for every day way of life from the social class of perceived family. Similarly, the high society foundation has additionally the more grounded inclinations in the selection of brands and is progressively sure. On the opposite note, lower status favor the buy from nearby market where there is nearness of simple credit s trategy and neighborly administrations. Proposals Buyers favor the spots whi

Ben 2.0

Ben 2.0 No Im not a Cylon (or at least not that I know). But for those with memories spanning more than a year its simply easier to introduce myself as the new Ben. For those who dont remember Ben Jones I can instead say that my name is Dave and Im the new Communications Manager for Undergraduate Admissions. That roughly translates into being the person with a hand in anything with words in, on and/or around it that leaves the Admissions office: publications, emails, the web site, tattoos (temporary for now), etc. Now I dont mean to imply that I do that alone (if you listen closely you should be able to hear the laughter coming from 3-107 at the sheer lunacy of the idea). The Admissions office is chock full of brilliant people, some of whom you know from the blogs and others you dont (but should). Theyve created amazing things over the years, including this website; every piece infused with a candor and respect for our prospective students that borders on the unique and, some would misguidedly say, reckless. My job is to tell you what MIT is really like and then let you decide if you cant imagine spending your college life anywhere else. In Admissions we dont lie about MIT. That kind of Zen-like simplicity is on par with Googles directive of Dont be evil. Its a refreshing honesty that I savor even more than Yans posts about food (but only just). I revel in the idea that every day I come to work I can discover what fantastical new thing someone, somewhere, at MIT has done. Then I get to learn all about it, work with a room full of creative geniuses to craft the story, and tell the world about the wonders of MIT. Thats a hell of a job, and the day I feel like I need to lie about MIT is the day Ill start thinking about a career change. Honestly I cant even imagine it. What I do need is a crash course in all things MIT, so Ive spent my first few weeks touring places like the Media Lab, getting lost in the infinite, flailing at a never-ending torrent of projects like Lucy and Ethel at the chocolate factory (ask an oldster or, better yet, YouTube), re-acquainting myself with the mystical ways of the Mac (which has been dead to me since just past OS 7), speaking wistfully and in the past tense about normal amounts of sleep, trying to order a burrito at Annas during the lunch rush without getting flustered, coming to grips with MITs nerdvanic mutation of the english language, and generally trying to get over the shock that Im actually working at MIT. Insert freshman analogy [here]. For personal tidbits beyond my intro you should know that I can have entire conversations in movie references, feed an ever-growing Vietnamese spring roll addiction, have a fascination with aircraft I cant begin to explain, am a certified SASL (Sarcasm As a Second Language) instructor, and have been known to break into accents I dont actually have. As a rule Ive preferred the quirky and unorthodox to the land of cubicles and career ladders. That philosophy has been a two-edged sword, but at the end of the day Im glad to lead an interesting life and plan to continue challenging myself, even if my friends and family spend most days shaking their head and wondering what Im thinking. Probably not too much of a surprise that Id want to work at MIT. The Institvte is a mental amusement park (occasionally a literal one), creative cruise ship (ditto) and ultimate Choose Your Own Adventure book all rolled into one. If Dave should geek out, turn to page 2 exercise more, turn to page 3 eat lunch, turn to page 5 join an MIT club, turn to page 7 get another degree, turn to page 11 flee and go back to his old job, turn to page 13 save the world, turn to page 17

How Game Theory Can Be Viewed As A Conflict Resolution...

ABSTRACT: The Internet is an integral way of conducting daily business from government agencies to entertainers. Protection of attack, damage, or unauthorized access is necessary with the increase of mobile users, digital applications and data networks. A cyber security problem can be viewed as a conflict-resolution scenario that typically consists of a security system and at least two decision makers (e.g. attacker and defender) that can each have competing objectives. For instance, the defender may be interested in ensuring that the system performs at or above a certain acceptable level. The attacker’s objective may be to disrupt the system and degrade it. Game theory is a well-established tool that can be used to analyze such problems. In this work, we present a brief survey of how game theory can be used to find appropriate strategies for both the attacker and the administrator (defender). We model the interactions between them as a stochastic game. Various formulations of game theory will be presented to deal with different cyber security situations. We will present mathematical models of security systems to analyze the system’s performance and to predict the likely behavior of key decision makers that influence/control the system. 1 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper will be to provide a brief survey of stochastic game methods in cyber security. The fast development of this area explains the abundance of literature and models. Due to our specific emphasis, andShow MoreRelatedStochastic Game Models Within Cyber Security- A Survey1651 Words   |  7 PagesStochastic game models in cyber security- a survey Kandethody Ramachandran and Zheni Stefanova University of South Florida Department of Mathematics and Statistics Tampa, FL 33620-5700 Abstract The internet is an integral way of conducting daily business from government agencies to entertainers. 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Additionally, I will explore my personal opinions about what effective behaviors are necessary to successfullyRead MoreNegotiation: Game Theory and Games13514 Words   |  55 PagesNEGOTIATION Negotiation theory Last updated 9 months ago The foundations of negotiation theory are decision analysis, behavioral decision making, game theory, and negotiation analysis. Another classification of theories distinguishes between Structural Analysis, Strategic Analysis, Process Analysis, Integrative Analysis and behavioral analysis of negotiations. Individuals should make separate, interactive decisions; and negotiation analysis considers how groups of reasonably bright individualsRead MoreGame Theory Introduction17342 Words   |  70 PagesStrategies and Games Strategies and Games Theory and Practice prajit k. dutta The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts . London, England  © 1999 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. This book was set in Melior and MetaPlus by Windfall Software usingRead MoreFactors That Lead to the Achievement of Industrial Harmony, That Create the Environment for Best Practices in Management14180 Words   |  57 PagesCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction Industrial harmony has been viewed as an abstract concept. It is ideal and its existence is not felt in most organizations, as they are unstable and chaotic, resulting in tense working environment. This has been shown by the fact that most employers tend to believe they are the only ones who can be wronged. They overlook the fact that some of their practices could compromise relations with their employees. Management’s focus has been on the disciplinary

Trumans Blunder The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb

The atomic policy against Japan was closely related to the fear of Soviet expansion in Asia. U.S. leaders were strongly conscious of Russia’s agreement at Yalta to join the war against Japan three months past Germany’s surrender on May 7, 1945 (Fogelman, 124). Among the U.S. invasion of Japan planned for November 1, 1945, U.S. officials were doubtful about the cooperative mission with Russia in which Russia would have power at the peace table. However, the successful detonation at Alamogordo had transformed everything. The bomb guaranteed that the U.S. no longer required Russian aid to win in the Pacific (Wainstock, 132). In reality, Russian involvement would now only threaten American postwar interests. If successful, the atomic bomb†¦show more content†¦After the Trinity nuclear test, conducted on July 10, 1945, the nuclear weapon’s ability was shown. Even U.S. President Harry S. Truman attended the testing of the weapon (Ferrell, 189). The destruction instigated by the explosion comprised of the disintegration of a 60 foot high steel tower; additionally the bombs detonation created a crater 6 feet deep and 1,200 feet in diameter. The bomb was so powerful that a steel tower half a mile away collapsed. Even men 10,000 yards away were flung off their feet, and the men carrying out the test, as well as Truman felt the heat from the explosion on their hand 32 kilometers away from the bomb (Maddox, 154). After experiencing this Truman ought to have been more restrained regarding the use of the weapon; particularly when he stated it would be detonated on a military target not a civilian target. However, it was obvious that both targeted cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki were industrialized cities with large populations that would lead to many civilians being killed (Fogelman, 145). In addition, the United States did not look at the treat that the radiation from the bomb posed on civilians. Another reason that the bomb’s use was unjustified was that the U.S. made aware that Japan was on the verge of surrender. Japan had been blockaded by the navy and had been continuously bombed. Cities such as Tokyo were decimated and thousands of

Characters of the Lord of the Flies Free Essays

A group of boys have been stranded on an isolated tropical island, after escaping from their shot – down plane. A large disfigurement was created in the untouched jungle, symbolizing the first of man’s destruction on the island; it was not going to be the last. The first characters we meet are Ralph and Piggy. We will write a custom essay sample on Characters of the Lord of the Flies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ralph who represents democracy and order, whilst Piggy represents intelligence and social order. They realize that the island is uninhibited and that civilization does not exist, and if it did it would be on their terms. This excites them and so they explore the island, until a conch is found. The Conch is symbolic of common sense and discipline. Its beauty strikes us when Ralph and Piggy find it, but it is forgotten as they put it to use to call the other survivors. Leaders are elected and rules are set but for how long will they be kept? Friendships deteriorate as leadership is questioned. The rules of home dictate their initial behavior, as all the boys respond to how they have been nurtured. Ralph is a twelve-year-old boy archetypal, very British boy, whose father is in the navy. â€Å"You could see now that he might make a boxer, as far as width and heaviness of shoulders went, but there was a mildness about his mouth and eyes that proclaimed no devil.† At the beginning, Ralph is insulting and unfriendly to Piggy, to whom he feels superior and so acts like it. Ralph is excited about not having any grown ups around and shows his delight by standing on his head. At this stage, Ralph has no responsibilities and so is free to do as he wishes. He does not seem panicked or worried that they won’t be rescued as he has total faith that his father will save them. Ralph is elected leader and is very reasonable. Also, because he attaches no importance to being a chorister or prefect, he can be intolerant of jack. Ralph is very dependent on piggy, however boring he finds him; it’s because of his logic and mature thoughts that attract them together. Ralph enjoys having meetings; it reminds him that he is the leader and that he got elected and has responsibilities. Ralph is slowly realising that it is fun to have no grow up’s around, but they need to be rescued. Ralph and jack’s friendship starts to deteriorate, Ralph is being sensible whilst jack is only thinking about having fun. Ralph starts to feel despondent about ever convincing the boys of the importance of building shelters. He is impatient with the littlun’s and sought’s help from jack. † You wouldn’t care to help with the shelters, I suppose?† But there is no point as Ralph soon realizes. Ralph and jack are really beginning to fight and this foreshadows future conflicts. Ralph is outraged and angry when they miss a ship, which could have rescued them. When Ralph first arrived on the island he had no worries, it suited him being in charge but as time went on he became paranoid and scared. He carries civilized values, which enable him to be strong when he needs to be. Jack is first seen marching the choir, he treats them with authority. He is arrogant and unpleasant, not what his singing uniform suggests. â€Å"Inside the floating cloak he was tall, thin and bony: and his hair was red beneath the black cap. His face was crumpled and freckled, and ugly without silliness.† Jack becomes in charge of the army, which he is content with, as he loves adventure. He is unsympathetic to Simon when he faints because of the heat; he see’s him as weak and is unimpressed. When a pig is first spotted, Jack cannot bring himself to kill it and is angry with himself. â€Å"I was choosing a place, Next time.† His desire for violence, his bloodlust is still held in check by the rules of society. At the meetings, rules are set, Jack is excited and thinks the rules do not apply to him as he is a chapter chorister and head boy. Jack shows signs of belligerence when he argues with Ralph about the fire signal, he is becoming power hungry. During the chapter Jack becomes solely concerned with hunting and cannot see the necessity of other things that can keep them alive. â€Å"I’d like to catch a pig first† â€Å"He snatched up his spear and dashed it into the ground. The opaque, mad look came into his eyes again.† Jack has become a hunter, he is slowly losing his human characteristics and becoming a predator. Jack conceals his real identity when he paints his face. The mask enables him to deny who he is and frees him to behave as he wants. At one point he looks at his reflection†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"He looked in astonishment, no longer at himself but at an awesome stranger.† Jack changes friends as well, him and Ralph have totally different ideas and priorities, whilst Piggy just annoys him. Jack becomes friends with Roger and they are evil together. When Jack hears of their chance of rescue, he is not bothered and had to remember what rescue was, instead he is proud as they caught their first pig. Jack starts up a ritual chant, he is very much in control and is bloodthirsty. His personality is overcome by power and he loses his name, this is not the Jack we saw at the start of the book. † I cut the pigs throat,† said jack proudly. † Can I borrow yours Ralph to make a nick in the hilt?† The perfect prefect becomes the perfect savage. † He was a skinny, vivid little boy, with a glance coming up from under a hut of straight hair that hung down, black and course.† Simon is one of the choristers. Although regarded as â€Å"Queer† and † Batty† by the boys, Simon is friendly and helpful. Simon is very aware of his surroundings, which is seen when he goes on the expedition with Ralph and Jack. He describes a certain bush as†¦ â€Å"Candle Buds† Showing his fragility and spiritually. He is patient with the littlun’s and would rather pick fruit than kill and pig. Simon’s actions present him as an intrinsically good, peaceful and caring character, in contrast with others. Simon is the only one who goes off on his own and does not seem to be afraid of the forest. He is intuitive, introspective and different from the others. The secret place that Simon finds displays the islands vibrancy and life. â€Å"Holding his breath he cocked a critical ear at the sounds of the island.† Simon is the outside the hunter mentality and the leader mentality. He exists in terms of his sensitivity to what is outside him. Like a clairvoyant, he repeatedly tells Ralph: † You’ll get back to where you came from.† He is positive in that aspect, however he feels the sand is a bad one and is evil. Although Simon is different and unafraid unlike most of the other boy’s, his mysterious nature makes him interesting and unusual. During the first four chapters we see him close up and be on his own more than at the beginning when he went exploring and was helping the others. The changes were soul and gradual. † His feet left prints in the soft soil and the creepers shivered throughout their lengths when he bumped them.† † Simon turned away from them and went where the just perceptible path led him.† The character of Piggy is firmly grounded in reality by his nickname, which immediately conjures up a physical image of him. â€Å"He smeared the sweat from his cheeks and adjusted the spectacles on his nose.† Piggy meets Ralph first, and immediately we see that they are very different people. Both their backgrounds determine this, but still they have to depend on each other. From what we know Piggy is an Orphan who lived with his aunt who owned a sweet shop. That explains his size. † I used to get ever so many sweets. As many as I liked.† However clumsy Piggy seems, he is actually very intelligent and when he found the conch, he engineered it so Ralph got the credit for it. He looks up to Ralph and has a lot of respect for him. He rejoices when Ralph smiles at something he said and misinterprets it as friendliness, whilst Ralph finds him boring and dull. From the beginning, Piggy is seen as an outsider. He is ridiculed, sneered at and continually teased, whether it is his appearance or his asthma. The group holds countless meetings when they arrive and Piggy becomes an interpreter. He is good-natured and is kind to the younger ones, he responds to how his aunt would. â€Å"Acting like a crowd of kids† † I bet it’s gone tea time.† Piggy naively believes that if only they were to behave like grown-ups all would be well, and they would be saved. He becomes a mature figure who becomes uneasy and worried when the boy with the birthmark disappears. Piggy is averse to most of the other boys, who he thinks are acting like little children, they are children but piggy see’s the responsibilities as the adult figure. When rules are laid down, piggy follows then and expects the others to as well, he always is desperate to hold onto the rules of society which are slowly deteriorating in the others. The rules which Piggy had at home dictate his behavior on the island. In conclusion to my essay, We see how young boys would react to being stranded on a deserted island with no adults, and no rules of society to dictate how they should behave. Through this essay we have seen the obvious changes in the boys characters and the consequences and effect on the other boys. I have studies the main four characters looking how they have influenced eachother and how they reacted to living on an lsland. Jack who’s arrogance made him become savage and bloodthirsty for power and meat. Ralph who’s care free ways changed when he has elected chief. Piggy who left his naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve ways behind and spoke up for him self. Simon changed but very gradually and sutally. If they had stayed on the Island for much longer I am sure that Jack would have become more powerful as his tribe would fear him and so agree with everything he did. However Ralph would not have survived as Jack would not have allowed it. All these represent individuals and how they changed during the first four chapters of Lord of the flies. How to cite Characters of the Lord of the Flies, Papers

The Ethicality of an Action Jay Gatsby

Ethics is a field of study that defines human actions and behaviors. Scholars have presented different ethical theories to explain when an action should be accepted or condoned. In our modern society, actions are ethical or unethical depending on their implications.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Ethicality of an Action Jay Gatsby specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While that is the case, very little research has been done to explore the ethicality of actions performed by characters in works of fiction such as films, novels, and television shows. In the book â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, Jay Gatsby decides to take Daisy Buchanan’s blame. This happens after Daisy kills Myrtle Wilson. Myrtle was her husband’s â€Å"mistress†. This was one of Jay’s efforts to win Daisy’s love. Jay and Daisy were lovers before he became wealthy. This paper describes Jay Gatsby’s act ion and applies the utilitarian theory to establish whether Jay’s action was ethical or not. Jay Gatsby’s Action As presented in the novel, Jay Gatsby was trying to win Daisy back because he strongly believed she was the love of his life. It was five years after Jay had lost the love of his life. At the same time, Daisy was jealous because her husband was engaged in an extramarital affair. As a result, Daisy decided to kill Tom’s mistress in an accident. The accident took place in the presence of Jay Gatsby. Because of love and desire to reunite with his lover, Jay found himself in a dilemma. It was because of the dilemma that he decided to do anything in order to retain his lover. As described in the novel, it is evident that Daisy would be in trouble after Tom realized that she had killed Myrtle. As well, it appeared that Gatsby was not sure of the possible outcome after the accident. With such kind of uncertainty and dilemma, Jay decided to take the blame on behalf of her lover. In response to the dilemma, Jay Gatsby was the prime suspect, something that led to his death. Myrtle’s husband killed Jay and eventually shot himself.Advertising Looking for assessment on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although the author of the novel did not clearly explain why Jay Gatsby acted in this manner, it would be agreeable that the character was trying to save his lover. He was on the path towards achieving his dreams. At that moment, Jay Gatsby was sure of a reunion with his lover and nothing was going to take her away from him. His financial position and wealth gave Jay the courage to take the blame. He was optimistic that he would deal with the issue later. However, Jay’s attempt to reunite with Daisy is what led to his death. Assessing the Action Using Mill’s Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill is one of the ethical theorists who presented the theory of utilitarianism. According to Mill, utilitarianism is what governs human behaviors, actions, and ideas. Utilitarianism supports â€Å"actions that will result in happiness†. As well, an action is â€Å"wrong† if it results in the opposite of happiness to the people. Mill’s utilitarian theory can be used to assess the ethically of Jay Gatsby’s action as presented in the discussion above. This theory is applicable here because it helps ascertain whether the action undertaken by Gatsby is ethical or not. There are various steps involved in applying the theory to a situation or action. As described by Mill, the basic idea behind the theory is the â€Å"happiness principle†. That being the case, an action is â€Å"right† only it results in happiness. Alternatively, actions are wrong if they do not promote human happiness. The theory defines â€Å"happiness as the absence of suffering or pain†. On the other hand, the theory defines unhappin ess as â€Å"the presence of suffering†. With such considerations, it can be easier to establish whether an action is permissible or not. The use of the above steps helps individuals differentiate between a good and a bad action. An action is â€Å"good† if it results in happiness. It can be easier to use Mill’s utilitarian theory to assess Jay Gatsby’s action and conclude whether it is unethical or ethical. From the book by Scott Fitzgerald, it is notable that Jay Gatsby decided to take Daisy as his own despite the fact that she was already in marriage. According to utilitarianism, Jay’s action does not result in happiness. Daisy’s husband and other people in the society become bitter after the event.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Ethicality of an Action Jay Gatsby specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As well, Gatsby decides to take the blame for Myrtle’s death. According to the utility theory, an action is good only if it promotes happiness. However, Gatsby’s decision to do so does not produce any happiness at the very end. Instead, George Wilson kills Gatsby after guessing that he was the one having an extramarital affair with his wife. After killing Gatsby, George shoots himself thus â€Å"causing pain†. From this novel, it is evident that such deaths would not have occurred if Gatsby did not try to reunite with Daisy or take the blame for Myrtle’s death. From the above discussion and application of Mill’s utilitarian theory, it is agreeable that Jay Gatsby’s action as presented in the novel is unethical. This assessment on The Ethicality of an Action Jay Gatsby was written and submitted by user Giselle Daniels to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Giant Hyena - Facts and Figures

Giant Hyena - Facts and Figures Name: Giant Hyena; also known as PachycrocutaHabitat: Plains of Africa and EurasiaHistorical Epoch: Late Pliocene-Pleistocene (3 million-500,000 years ago)Size and Weight: Up to three feet high at the shoulder and 400 poundsDiet: MeatDistinguishing Characteristics: Large size; short legs; powerful head and jaws About the Giant Hyena (Pachycrocuta) It seems that every animal on earth came in larger packages during the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs, and the Giant Hyena (genus name Pachycrocuta) was no exception. This megafauna mammal was very similar to the modern spotted hyena, except that it was about three times the size (some individuals may have weighed as much as 400 pounds) and more stockily built, with comparatively shorter legs. Save for these crucial differences, however, the Giant Hyena pursued a recognizably hyena-like lifestyle, stealing freshly killed prey from other, presumably smaller, predators and only occasionally hunting for its food, when circumstances demanded. Tantalizingly, the fossils of some Pachycrocuta individuals have been discovered in the same Chinese caves as the modern human ancestor Homo erectus; however, its unknown if Homo erectus hunted the Giant Hyena, if the Giant Hyena hunted Homo erectus, or if these two populations merely occupied the same caves at different times! ​Ironically, given its massive size compared to its modern descendant, the Giant Hyena may well have been driven to extinction by the much smaller spotted hyenawhich would have been ranged much more nimbly over the grasslands of Africa and Eurasia and been able to chase prey over longer distances (during times when freshly killed carcasses were thin on the ground). The spotted hyena was also better adapted for the conditions that prevailed at the end of the Pleistocene epoch, shortly after the last Ice Age, when most of the worlds giant mammals went extinct for lack of available food.

Determining the Strength of Acids and Bases

Determining the Strength of Acids and Bases Strong electrolytes are completely dissociated into ions in water. The acid or base molecule does not exist in aqueous solution, only ions. Weak electrolytes are incompletely dissociated. Here are definitions and examples of strong and weak acids and strong and weak bases. Strong Acids Strong acids completely dissociate in water, forming H and an anion. There are six strong acids. The others are considered to be weak acids. You should commit the strong acids to memory: HCl: hydrochloric acidHNO3: nitric acidH2SO4: sulfuric acidHBr: hydrobromic acidHI: hydroiodic acidHClO4: perchloric acid If the acid is 100 percent dissociated in solutions of 1.0 M or less, it is called strong. Sulfuric acid is considered strong only in its first dissociation step;  100 percent dissociation isnt true as solutions become more concentrated.   H2SO4 → H HSO4- Weak Acids A weak acid only partially dissociates in water to give H and the anion. Examples of weak acids include hydrofluoric acid, HF, and acetic acid, CH3COOH. Weak acids include: Molecules that contain an ionizable proton. A molecule with a formula starting with H usually is an acid.Organic acids containing one or more carboxyl group, -COOH. The H is ionizable.Anions with an ionizable proton (e.g., HSO4- → H SO42-).CationsTransition metal cationsHeavy metal cations with high chargeNH4 dissociates into NH3 H Strong Bases Strong bases dissociate 100 percent into the cation and OH- (hydroxide ion). The hydroxides of the Group I and Group II metals usually are considered to be strong bases. LiOH: lithium hydroxideNaOH: sodium hydroxideKOH: potassium hydroxideRbOH: rubidium hydroxideCsOH: cesium hydroxide*Ca(OH)2: calcium hydroxide*Sr(OH)2: strontium hydroxide*Ba(OH)2: barium hydroxide * These bases completely dissociate in solutions of 0.01 M or less. The other bases make solutions of 1.0 M and are 100 percent dissociated at that concentration. There are other strong bases than those listed, but they are not often encountered. Weak Bases Examples of weak bases include ammonia, NH3, and diethylamine, (CH3CH2)2NH. Like weak acids, weak bases do not completely dissociate in aqueous solution. Most weak bases are anions of weak acids.Weak bases do not furnish OH- ions by dissociation. Instead, they react with water to generate OH- ions.

Change & Change Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Change & Change Management - Term Paper Example This is a fiction with an artistic approach Cheese as a word. Cheese has been used in the text to mean something that the company or organization holds dear (Spencer 14), hence why I chose this fictional text for analysis. The Cheese in this case refers to the livelihood, status and way of life that the four characters had in their environment (Spencer 14). For a company, the Cheese would be the status in the industry, the market size, the customers as well as the profits that they earn from their operations. When the Cheese is exhausted in the original station the four characters have to look for other ways to survive, just like how it happens when change occurs in any company. The mice are able to detect change before it happens and find ways to deal with it, while the little people wait for the change to happen before they can find ways to deal with it (Spencer 36). The intention of Spencer is to teach managers and anybody else interested in moving well with changes in an organiza tion. Most of the time, individuals would want to maintain the status quo because they are very comfortable with the current situations and would not like to put in more efforts to have a different status. Change is simply the alteration of the status quo or making things look differently from their original look. In organizations, change refers to the alteration of the overall work environment. Change can occur due to external or internal forces which disturb or force the status quo to be disturbed. Change caused by internal forces is called proactive change while that which is caused by external forces such as competition is referred to as reactive change. In Who Moved My Cheese, the writer uses four characters to describe how people react to change. Sniff and Scurry the mice are non judgmental and non-analytical. All they needed was cheese and were willing to do whatever it takes to get it. For the two little humans; Haw and Hem, cheese has a different meaning. It is a means of l ivelihood and helps them attain some sense of worth. When change occurs, a reaction to the change is in most cases involuntary and unplanned because most people fear change because they lack control over it. Change happens either to the individual or by the individual (Moris & Neering 76). It is because of this reason that Spencer shows us that what really matters the most, when it comes to change, is the attitude. It is important for an organisation to find ways of adopting to change. For example, big companies like IBM and Microsoft must craft ways of maintaining a competitive edge in the market and for them to do so they must embrace change in and outside (Moris & Neering 769). Introducing change is difficult and the process leaves different individuals with emotions and hatred for their managers and change agents. The best way of introducing change is aligning the company’s objectives with those of individuals (Yongmei & Pamela 265). Spencer’s allegory in Who Moved My Cheese, in this case is seen when the cheese is exhausted in one station and the two little people had to adopt a change; they had to craft other means of getting their daily bread (Spencer 36). As their way of adopting to change, Sniff and Scurry used try and error tactics. They searched one corridor after the other without assuming those corridors where they had never found cheese. Sniff, who is gifted with the skill of finding the direction of cheese, does so and scurry, goes ahead. Like managers in a company that is looking up for a positive change, they sometimes got lost but they retrace their direction and find their way (Spencer 34). This is not true for the mice alone; Denial in the process of adopting change is common in organizations.

Lower Body Injury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lower Body Injury - Essay Example In football and rugby, traumatic injuries are the major contributors while in basketball, lawn tennis, hockey and badminton sudden stopping and twisting tops the list. However, no sport is limited to a single cause. The major symptoms include mild to severe pain, swelling of the knee joint, audible click or pop in the knee, and at times knee lock occurs. The magnitude and the number of the symptoms observed in a casualty are not fixed (Engebretsen & Bahr 2011). In many case they vary depending on the severity of the injury. In case of a cartilage tear, the patient is first given a physiotherapy treatment to lessen the pain and inflammation or swelling of the joint. This involves application of ice parks at interval of 20 minutes hourly. For severe cases, the patient is hospitalized immediately (Engebretsen & Bahr 2011). Returning to the field to play once again may be immediate depending on how fast the knee settles down, swelling and pain disappearing. Although in complicated cases, this will be indefinite. This is because it is subject to type of treatment given and rehabilitation period based on the doctor’s opinion (Engebretsen & Bahr 2011). In sports, tearing of cartilage is not an injury that can be easily prevented. However, there are measures that can be employed to minimize the frequencies of such occurrences. In the field, players in any particular sport should avoid playing or training in uneven or grounds, do warm up activities before engaging in any intense physical sport and should have a knee strap to aid in restriction of joint rotation but permits knee movement. Also performing exercises that develops thee quadriceps and hamstring muscles can be handy in preventing cartilage tear (Sohn & Toth

Evolution Of Speaker Manufacturing English Language Essay

Evolution Of Speaker Manufacturing English Language Essay A speaker is an electrical device that converts electrical signals to mechanical motion in order to create sound waves. A transducer, which is another name for a speaker, is a device that converts one form of energy to another. The speaker moves in accordance with the variations of an electrical signal and causes sound waves to propagate through a medium such as air or water. The first electrical speaker, patented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, was for the earpiece of the telephone. This design was later improved upon by Ernst Siemens and Nicola Tesla in 1877 and 1881 respectively. Siemens and Tesla used a metal horn driven by a membrane attached to a stylus to create the design of what would be the basis for the modern speaker. Thomas Edison was working on a design at this time using compressed air as the amplifying mechanism. He quickly found this was not the most effective way to create the mechanical waves that produce sound. He quickly withdrew his application for a patent an d settled on the metal horn design. The metal horn speaker is a speaker which can be found on antique record players. Metal Horn Speaker Moving Coil Speaker The modern design of the moving coil driver was established by Oliver Lodge in 1898. Lodge was a British physicist and writer that was involved in many key patents involving wireless telegraphy. In 1915, Magnavox emerged as the first public company to produce a loudspeaker. This design was the first practiced use of the moving coil drivers in a loudspeaker. Magnavox was started in that same year by Edwin Pridham and Peter L. Jensen. The companys focus was on developing consumer electronics. They would later go on to be the first to develop a phonograph loudspeaker. Today Magnavox is owned by one of the world leaders in electronics, Phillips. In 1924, Chester W. Rice and Edward W. Kellogg received the first patent on the moving-coil principle, direct radiator, and loudspeaker. Their patent was different from the previous attempts because of the adjustment of mechanical parameters in their design. The fundamental resonance of the moving system takes place at a lower frequency than that at which the cones radiation impedance becomes uniform. In 1926, Rice and Kellogg sold the loudspeaker, Radiola which was superior to anything else previously invented because it decreased sound distortion and improved audio quality for the buyer. These speakers used electromagnets instead of large powerful magnets in their design. The electro magnets were used because larger, more powerful magnets were not available at a cheap enough price at the time. In the 1930s, manufactures began placing two or three band passes worth of drivers in their speakers, which allowed for increased quality, sound pressure levels, and frequency response. Many of the components involved in the production of modern speakers have been improved upon from their initial designs. The biggest improvements have occurred mainly in the makeup of the materials in the speaker and in the enclosure design. The diaphragm materials and permanent magnet materials are some of the other speaker components which have improved throughout the years. With the advent of computer aided design and increased accuracy in measuring techniques, the development of the speaker and quality of sound have grown exponentially in recent years. The modern loudspeaker has a similar makeup to that of earlier designs, but some of the basic ideas behind the design have changed to give us the speaker we have today. The Modern Speaker Modern speakers use a permanent magnet and an electromagnet to induce the reciprocating motion of the diaphragm. The alternating current going through the electromagnet constantly reverses the magnetic polarity of the coil thus reversing the forces between the voice coil and the permanent magnet. This causes a rapid back and forth motion of the coil resembling that of a piston. When the coil moves it causes the diaphragm to vibrate the air in front of the speaker, creating sound waves. The frequency and amplitude of the electrical audio signal dictates the rate and distance that the voice coil moves thus determining the frequency and amplitude of the sound waves produced by the diaphragm. Drivers are only able to create sound in a given range of frequencies, thus many different types of drivers must be manufactured to account for the wide range of possible frequencies. The main components of the modern speaker are the diaphragm, permanent magnet, suspension, voice coil, and basket with three other important features being coaxial drivers, speaker enclosures, and audio amplifiers. In the following sections we will break down each component and investigate the improvements of each component including those in the material selection and the manufacturing process. Diaphragm One of the main components of a speaker is the diaphragm, sometimes called a speaker cone. The diaphragm can also be referred to as the diaphragm and its surrounding assembly including the suspension and the basket. However for our purposes the suspension and the basket will be individually discussed in later sections. Movement of the diaphragm causes sound waves to propagate from the speaker thus producing the noise we hear. The ideal properties of a diaphragm are minimal acoustical breakup of the diaphragm, minimal standing wave patterns in the diaphragm, and linearity of the surrounds force-deflection curve. The diaphragm stiffness and damping qualities plus the surrounds linearity and damping play a crucial role in reproducing the voice coil signal waveform. Eighty five percent of the diaphragms sold worldwide are made of cellulose fibers because they can be easily modified by chemical or mechanical means to giving it a practical manufacturing advantage not found in other common diaphragm materials, although reproducibility can be a problem. The lack of reproducibility can affect imaging, depending on the precision and quality of production. Cellulose is also advantageous over other diaphragm materials because of its low cost to produce. Although Cellulose works well as a diaphragm, new synthetic materials are emerging that are more lightweight, allowing for better audio quality, reduced distortion, and increased vibration and shock durability. These materials include polypropylene, polycarbonate, Mylar, silk, fiberglass, carbon-fiber, titanium, aluminum, aluminum-magnesium alloy, and beryllium. Polypropylene is the most common plastic material used in a diaphragm. The polypropylene is normally mixed with a filler, such as Kevlar, to reduce the manufacturing costs or it can be to alter the mechanical properties of the diaphragm. Polypropylene diaphragms have been increasingly more popular with the advancements in modern adhesive technology. Although with all plastic materials present, the material tends to have a viscoelastic creep, which is the materials tendency to slowly deform and stretch when under repetitive stresses. However, polypropylene diaphragms are still a popular choice for high performance speakers due to their consistent performance. Research is presently underway in attempts to create new plastic based materials such as TPX, HD-A, HD-I, Neoflex, and Bextrene for diaphragms. These materials generally have the same characteristics as polypropylene so the manufacturing costs cannot be justified for full production. Another option for low-frequency applications are woven fiber diaphragms. The woven fibers such as carbon fiber, fiberglass, and Kevlar are bonded together with a resin. When the high tensile strength of the woven fibers mixes with the adhesive and bonding characteristics of the resin it results in an incredibly stiff material. This stiffness results in a great low-frequency diaphragm, however the stiffness causes rough high-frequency responses. There have been numerous attempts to improve the high-frequency problems of woven fiber diaphragms such as using two thin layers of Kevlar fabric bonded together with a resin and silica microball combination and another attempt employed a sandwich structure of materials with a honeycomb Nomex core. But again, as with the advanced plastic materials, the cost of manufacturing versus the performance of the material cannot yet be justified. The final modern practical material for diaphragms is metal. Metals worst downfall is its terrible damping attributes which causes extreme high-frequency distortion. The most common metal of choice are aluminum and magnesium alloys. Due to the lack of technological advances in damping agents to add to these alloys, metal diaphragms are very rarely used in high-frequency applications. However, these alloys have been commonly used in lower end frequencies with great success. Permanent Magnet Modern driver magnets have become predominately permanent magnets. Historically this function was filled by the use of electrically powered field coils. When high-strength permanent magnets became available, they eliminated the need for the additional power supply that drove the coils. When this happened, Alnico magnets became popular. Alnico magnets are created from alloying aluminum, nickel, and cobalt. Until about 1980 Alnico magnets were primarily used but because of their tendency to become demagnetized, permanent magnets have since been made of ceramic and ferrite materials. Ferrite magnets are constructed by mixing iron oxide with strontium and then milling the compound into a very fine powder. The powder is then mixed with a ceramic binder and closed in a metal die. The die is then placed in a furnace and sintered to bond the mixture together. Sintering is the process in which the particles of the powder are welded together by applying pressure and heating it to a temperature below its melting point. Although the magnetic strength to weight ratio of ferrite magnets is lower than Alnico, it is considerably less expensive, allowing designers to use larger yet more economical magnets to reach a desired performance. In manufacturing, the most significant technical innovation of the speaker is due to the use of neodymium magnets. Currently neodymium magnets are the strongest permanent magnets known to man. For this reason neodymium magnets significantly help in producing smaller, lighter devices and improve speaker performance due to their great capacity for generating strong magnetic fields in the air-gap. A neodymium magnet is an alloy of neodymium, iron, and boron to form the molecule Nd2Fe14B. The molecular structure of this molecule is a tetragonal crystalline structure. Important properties in a magnet are the strength of the magnetic field, the materials resistance to becoming demagnetized, the density of magnetic energy, and the temperature at which the material loses its magnetism. Neodymium magnets have much higher values for all of these properties than other magnetic materials except that it loses its magnetism at low temperatures. For this reason it is sometimes alloyed with terbium and dysprosium in order to maintain its magnetic properties at higher temperatures. Suspension Another critical element in speakers is the suspension. The purpose of a suspension system is to provide lateral stability and make the speaker components return to a neutral point after moving. A typical suspension system includes two major components, the spider and the surround. The spider connects the voice coil to the frame of the speaker and provides the majority of the restoring force. The surround connects the top of the diaphragm to the frame of the speaker and helps center the diaphragm and voice coil with respect to the frame. Both components work together to make sure the diaphragm and coil assembly move strictly linearly and in line with the center of the permanent magnet. The spider is usually made of a corrugated fabric disk, impregnated with a stiffening resin. The name comes from the shape of early suspensions, which were two concentric rings of Bakelite material, joined by six or eight curved legs. The surround may be resin treated cloth, resin treated non-wovens, polymeric foams, or thermoplastic elastomers that are molded onto the cone body. An ideal surround has sufficient damping to fully absorb vibration transmissions from the cone to surround interface, and the durability to hold out against long term fatigue caused by prolonged vibration. Advancements in suspension manufacturing have come from innovations in synthetic suspension materials. The use of synthetic materials like kevlar or konex instead of cotton, has made todays speakers much more stable than those made as recent as ten years ago. A more durable suspension means that a speakers sound quality can remain unaltered for a longer period of time. This is especially a concern for speakers that generally operate at low frequencies since lower frequency sounds are created by larger diaphragm travel and larger diaphragm travel must be supported by more suspension travel. Voice Coil The wire in a voice coil is usually made of copper, though rarely aluminum and silver may be used. Voice coil wire cross sections can be circular, rectangular, or hexagonal, giving varying amounts of wire volume coverage in the magnetic gap space. The coil is oriented co-axially inside the gap; it moves back and forth within a small circular volume (a hole, slot, or groove) in the magnetic structure. The gap establishes a concentrated magnetic field between the two poles of a permanent magnet, the outside of the gap being one pole, and the center post (called the pole piece) being the other. The pole piece and backplate are often a single piece, called the poleplate or yoke. This magnetic field induces a reaction with the permanent magnet causing the diaphragm to move thus producing the sounds we hear. Voice coils can either be overhung, longer than the magnetic gap, or underhung, shorter than the magnetic gap, depending on its application. Most voice coils are overhung thus preventi ng the coil from being overdriven, a problem that causes the coil to produce significant distortion and removes the heat-sinking benefits of steel causing the speaker to heat rapidly. The most important characteristic of a voice coil is that it be able to withstand large amounts of mechanical stresses and also be able to dissipate heat to its surroundings without causing damage to the speakers other components. In early loudspeakers the voice coil was wound onto paper bobbins to remove heat from the system. At the time this was enough to cool the system at average power levels but as larger amplifiers became available allowing for higher power levels new technologies had to emerge. To cope with the increasing power inputs the use of alloy 1145 aluminum foil was widely used as a substitute for the paper bobbins. Aluminum was popular to industry due to its low cost to manufacture, its structural strength, and it was easy to bond to the voice coil. However, problems with the foil emerged over extended use at increased power levels. The first problem was the foil tended to transfer heat from the voice coil into the adhesives used inside the speaker causing them to thermally degrade or even burn. The second problem was the motion of the aluminum foil inside the magnetic gap created currents that actually increased the temperature of the voice coil, thus causing long-term reliability issues. In 1955 a new material was developed called Kapton, a polyimide plastic film, to replace the aluminum foil. Kapton solved all the problems that were associated with the aluminum foil however Kapton or even its improved cousin Kaneka Apical, were not perfect. Both high-tech materials were costly to manufacture and had a tendency to soften when heated. Although Kapton and Kaneka Apical had their downfalls they became the most widely used coating for voice coils until 1992 when a material called Hisco P450 was developed. Hisco P450 is a thermoset composite created by using a thin film of fiber glass cloth and impregnating it with a polyimide resin. This combination allowed for necessary mechanical strength and endurance of the polyimide and necessary temperature resistance and stiffness of fiberglass. Hisco P450 was able to withstand the grueling temperature requirements of professional speakers while also maintaining enough rigidity to withstand the mechanical stresses associated with long-term, high-frequency motions. In recent years the copper wire that is almost always used as the voice coil has been replaced sparingly with aluminum wire in extra sensitive, high-frequency applications. The aluminum wire is lighter than the copper wire and has about two thirds of the electrical conductivity allowing the wire to move at higher frequencies inside the magnetic gap. Variations of the aluminum wire include copper-clad aluminum and anodized aluminum. Copper-clad aluminum allows for easier winding along with an even more reduced mass. The anodized aluminum is effectively insulated against shorting which removed the concerns of dielectric breakdown. Aluminum wires are great lightweight, low-inductance choices for voice coils however, they do have their downfalls. The thermal characteristics of aluminum causes power limitations with the coil. If too much power is passed through the aluminum coil it can cause the adhesive bonds between the wire and the bobbin, or the bobbin to the spider and coil to weaken or even burn. To cope with the ever increasing power demands on the voice coil in addition to wrapping the coil in some high-tech material to increase its thermal properties, the voice coil has also been submerged in a ferrofluid, an oil that is used to conduct heat away from the voice coil and also creates a small magnetic field thus increasing the power handling capacity of the voice coil. Basket The basket or frame (as seen below) is the fixture used to hold the diaphragm, voice coil, and magnet in the proper place. The rigidity of this part is extremely important to prevent rubbing of the voice coil and prevent random movements that could cause problems with the permanent magnet. The three most common types of modern baskets are cast metal baskets, rigid baskets made out of stamped steel or aluminum, and cast plastic baskets. Each type of basket offers different advantages and disadvantages; these will be discussed in the flowing paragraphs. The stronger the basket the more power the speaker can handle before failure occurs. A well made basket should have a high power rating, be lightweight, and be able to conduct heat away from the voice coil to prevent physical changes or even possible demagnetization of the permanent magnets. Cast metal (above right) baskets are the most rigid of the three in all directions, but they are the most expensive to make. Cast metal baskets are made by melting down the desired metal to liquid form. The scorching hot liquid metal is then poured into a mold and once the liquid metal dries inside the mold, the mold is removed revealing a cast metal basket. Cast metal baskets although more expensive than the other two options, usually are more rigid thus preventing motion. They also have better damping characteristics, and they are also more easily manufactured allowing for more intricate shapes. Cast metal baskets are usually the preferred basket choice for higher quality speakers. A less expensive and yet less rigid basket can be made out of stamped steel. The stamped steel or aluminum sheets arrive to the manufacturer preformed. The sheets are then drilled using a hydraulic press to cut holes in the sheet to allow air flow to and from the diaphragm. The sheet is then pressed using another hydraulic press using a die to form the desired shape. Stamped metal baskets tend to be weaker than their cast metal counterparts. This weakness could cause the basket to flex if the speaker is being used at high volumes. The final option, which is even less expensive, is a cast plastic basket. Cast plastic baskets are made by using the liquid plastic and pouring it into the desired shaped mold. When the liquid plastic dries the mold is removed revealing a cast plastic basket. Just like cast metal baskets, cast plastic baskets are easily manufactured allowing for intricate shapes. The lightweight characteristics of the plastic would also make the speaker lighter allowing for smaller power consumption. However, as with most engineering decisions, the performance of the part proportionally decreases as the cost to produce the part decreases. The decreased cost of production of the plastic basket means that it is a weaker basket. This weaker, plastic basket will allow for the most flexing as compared to cast metal and stamped steel baskets. The power rating of the speaker would also be less than that of the metal baskets, both cast and stamped, due to the weaker strength characteristics of plastic in com parison with metal. Coaxial Drivers Coaxial drivers are the components of a speaker that radiates sound from the same point or axis. This is done by placing a high-frequency driver in the center of a low-frequency driver so that they produce sound waves from a single point in a loudspeaker system rather than separate locations. This allows for a more beneficial design over having the low and high frequency drivers separate. There are many different types of drivers and each driver produces sound within a limited frequency range. Subwoofers, woofers, mid-range drivers, and tweeters are all driver types capable of emitting different ranges of sound. A coaxial driver takes one of these higher frequency drivers and places it within a lower frequency driver. For example, a tweeter, the high frequency unit, could be placed in the center of a woofer, the low frequency unit, so that both drivers emit sound from the same point. This example can be seen in the images below. This design, which improves sound quality, was first de signed by Altec Lansing in the 1940s. Although it has many advantages, it is still an uncommon practice in the manufacturing of speakers due to technical and budgetary considerations. Enclosures The enclosure of a loudspeaker serves three functions and is made with a specific design that helps improve the quality of the sound produced by the speaker. The first function the enclosure performs is separation of the sound waves. It accomplishes this by preventing sound waves generated at the back of the speaker from interacting destructively with sound waves generated at the front of the speaker. The enclosure is intended to reduce distortion created because the waves that emanate from the front of the speaker are out of phase with the waves emanating from the rear of the speaker. If the front and rear waves were to overlap with one another it would result in wave interference. The second function the enclosure serves is to stop any echo and reverberation that would be created from the two differing sound source locations on the speaker. Because waves are created at the front and rear of the speaker, the two different sets of waves travel through the air differently as a result of their relative locations, and arrive at the person listening at different times. The third function the enclosure serves is to deal with the vibrations produced by the driver and to deal with the heat produced by the electronic components. Enclosures did not always have the fully enclosed container design that they now commonly have. Although present day practices say that enclosures need to have a back, before the 1950s they lacked one due to the cooling functions of an open container. Sealed enclosures, the most common type of enclosure, is completely sealed so no air can escape. With this type of enclosure the forward wave travels outward into the surroundings, while the backward wave is limited to only fill the enclosure. With a virtually airtight enclosure, the internal air pressure is constantly changing; when the driver retracts, the pressure increases and when the driver moves out, the pressure decreases. Both movements create pressure differences between the air inside the enclosure and the air outside the enclosure. Because of this, the driver motion always has to fight the pressure differences caused. These enclosures are less efficient than other designs because the amplifier has to boost the electrical signal to overcome the force of air pressure. The force due to air pressure does, however, provide an additional form of driver suspension since it acts like a spring to keep the diaphragm in the neutral position. This makes for tighter, more precise soun d production. Enclosure designs range from very simple, rectangular particle-board boxes (above left) to very complex cabinets made of composite materials (above right). The simplest enclosures are made to prevent destructive interference caused by overlapping of the front and rear sound waves from the speaker. The most complex enclosures contain acoustic insulation and internal baffles, which prevent interference. Solid materials such as heavy wood, are typically used when building enclosures in order to absorb the vibration caused by the speaker driver. This vibration dampening is extremely important. A speakers sound output would be drowned out by the drivers vibrations if there were not an enclosure incorporated into the design. Since the beginning of the production of enclosures, the most advantageous properties required for minimal energy loss through the enclosure walls have remained unchanged. Different strategies employed to reduce energy losses are to use thicker enclosure walls, denser hardwood plys and sturdier bracing. The downside to these methods is that they all add significant weight to the enclosure. However, with the production of newer materials that possess an increased stiffness-to-mass ratio this is changing. These new materials can improve performance and reduce weight, while also reducing the cabinets resonance. The end result is that a greater amount of the speakers en ergy is delivered in the intended direction rather than into mechanical vibrations which are wasted and produce a decrease in sound quality. A recent alternative to heavy wood construction of enclosures is the use of composite materials. It was for the aerospace industry that composite materials such as carbon-fiber were originally developed. Carbon-fiber was a success because of the high demand for a material with increased strength and rigidity. Speaker applications, such as enclosures use carbon-fiber materials to create a product with a vastly decreased weight and increased strength and rigidity. Enclosures built with carbon-fiber can weigh less than half as much as enclosures built from heavy wood. These enclosures which limit the speaker resonance can provide as much as 3 dB more output than the same speaker would have otherwise had in a heavy wood enclosure. Furthermore, carbon-fiber enclosures are extremely durable adding quality to the final product and they require almost no maintenance. Even though carbon-fiber enclosures cost around twice as much to produce as traditional enclosures, the lighter weight and ext ra output offer two very advantageous tradeoffs. Amplifier An amplifier is any device that increases or decreases the amplitude of a signal. An audio amplifier increases low-power audio signals to a suitable level for loudspeakers. When dealing with a speaker there are a many audio amplifiers involved. These amplifiers are responsible for pre-amplification, equalization, tone control, and mixing effects followed by a higher power amplifier which creates the final amplification for suitable levels of sound output. Amplifiers are found in wireless receivers and transmitters, CD players, acoustic pickups, and hi-fi audio equipment. Amplifiers are used for high-quality sound production, and depending upon the quality of the amplifier, they may cause distortion, which the speaker enclosures are meant to deal with. Distortion in amplifiers is caused by difference in phases of the output waveform and the input waveform. The smaller the difference in between the output and input waveforms the greater the quality of final sound. Audio amplifiers cons ist of resistors, capacitors, power sources, wires, semiconductors, and stereo jacks all combined on an electronic work board to produce the type of amplifier needed. Types of Speakers Woofers are loudspeaker drivers designed to produce sounds of low frequency from around 40 hertz up to around 1000 hertz. The most common design for a woofer is the electro-dynamic driver, using a stiff paper cone driven by a voice coil. Woofers are important to allow for a range of frequency that will hit a low level. Effective woofer designs efficiently convert low frequency signals to mechanical vibrations. The vibration of the air out from the cone creates concentric sound waves that travel through the air. If this process can be done effectively, many of the other problems speakers run into will be greatly reduced such as linear excursion. For most speakers the enclosure and the woofer must be designed to work hand in hand. Usually the enclosure is designed around the woofer, but in some rarer cases the enclosure design can actually dictate the woofer design. The enclosure is made to reflect the sounds at the right distance, so that they will not be wave cancelling reflections. Below you can see an example of a common woofer. A subwoofer is a woofer with a diameter between 8 and 21s. Subwoofers are made up of one or more woofers. They can be arranged in many different configurations to produce the best quality of sound. Subwoofers usually play frequencies between 20 hertz and 200 hertz, well within the range of human auditory levels. The first subwoofer was created in the 1960s and added to the home stereo to create bass for sound reinforcement. Up until this point the only form of audio player which contained bass was a phonograph player which was created by Magnavox. This allowed for a more accurate array of music. Subwoofers are used in all sound systems today such as in cinemas, cars, stereos, and for general sound reinforcement. A mid-range speaker is a loudspeaker driver that produces sound between 300 hertz and 5000 hertz. These are less commonly known as squawkers. Midrange drivers can be found as cone speakers, dome speakers, or compression horn drivers. Mid-range speakers usually resemble small woofers. The most common material the cone is made out of for a mid-range is paper although they can be found to be coated or impregnated with polymers or resins to improve vibration dampening. Much of the rest of the mid-range speaker is made from plastic polymers. Mid-range speakers which employ the dome set up usually only use 90 degrees of the sphere as the radiating surface. These can be made from cloth, metal or plastic film. The voice coil in this design is set at the outer edge of the dome. Mid-range drivers are most commonly used for professional concerts and are compression drivers coupled with horn drivers. Rarely mid-range speakers can be found as electrostatic drivers. Mid-range speakers handle the most prominent part of the human-audible sound spectrum. This is the region where most sound emitted by musical instruments lie. This is also where the human voice falls in the audible spectrum. Most television sets and small radios only contain a single mid-range driver. Tweeters are a loudspeaker designed to produce frequencies from 2,000 to 20,000 hertz. Some tweeters on the market today can produce sounds of up to 45000 hertz. The human ear can generally only hear up to about 20000 hertz. The name tweeter comes from the extremely high pitch it can create. Modern tweeters are different from older tweeters because older tweeters were smaller versions of woofers. As tweeter technology has advanced, differen

Describe China’s consumption of goods and services. What shortcomings have accompanied China’s economic growth?

The economy of the People's Republic of China is the second largest in the world after the US when measured on a purchasing power basis. With a booming economy and 1. 3billion people, it is now the world's largest consumer of grain, meat, coal and steel. China is no longer just a developing country. It is an emerging economic superpower and is one that is writing economic history. China has witnessed a rapid growth in consumption in recent years. Their purchasing power enables them to buy more, meaning more of basic necessities that the previous generation was not privileged to have. Yet this also means that the rapid rise in demand creates a multitude of problems as the country continues to hungrily gobble up the resources in and out of the country that could be allocated for other countries/markets. China is likened to a hungry giant whose insatiable demand for commodities heralds a new era of permanently higher prices–a commodities super cycle. Its soaring demand for commodities has exerted a powerful pull on global commodity markets. It has a major impact on major segments such as the following: energy, the hard commodities such as metals, and the soft commodities such as agricultural products. But on the other hand, the demands of China's stunning economic growth in recent years have had a complex and uneven effect on global prices for energy and other commodities. Although different industries all over the world also benefit from the huge market and profit, there are numerous problems that arise because of the huge consumption of the country. China's massive appetite for goods ranging from grain to platinum places it at the centre of the world raw materials economy. Other countries find themselves â€Å"competing† with China for a share in commodities. And even China finds itself in a ditch. Because China's insatiable demands are putting ever more pressure on the country's natural resources. The huge consumption and growth mean more wastage. Its population’s impact on the environment can only grow stronger and yet even today, it is already very evident in their own surroundings. The impact of the cumulative waste of over a billion people is astounding. A huge majority of Chinese is still dependent on coal for their energy production. Coal is the number one cause for climate change. A big number of their waters are almost turned into open sewers due to the wastage from many factories and cities. Ill-planned projects may have also destroyed natural habitats and have displaced animals and plants. Respiratory and heart diseases related to air pollution are the leading cause of death in China. And this is only the beginning of a few problems that have begun to arise as China slowly climbs to the top. China's role in global commodity markets will only grow more important in the next 20 years. The solution to the continuing arising problems from their inevitable growth would be, to develop schemes that regulate their pollution and wastage and to create international relations and foreign policies that will positively affect poorer (or richer) economies. The Chinese government should implement the schemes rigidly as the negative effects will eventually catch up on each individual as it affects their health. The government should strengthen and improve the work of existing and emerging organizations (whether it may be local, national or international) through intensive training, demonstration of new approaches, international exchange, and strategic communication.

World History Research Paper. Wwii Espionage . Justin Andrews

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Ethical Issues in Marketing - 1566 Words

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